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Textile Glossary
Terminology of Textile Words Frequently Used in SAVA
Words Description
1. Bleaching - Removing the natural color from textile materials.
2. Calendaring - Finishing the fabric with heated rollers under pressure.
3. Fabric & Thread Count - Thickness of yarn by weight and fineness.
4. Desizing - Removing sizing material e.g. Starch.
5. Grey Fabric - Unfinished & or unbleached fabric.
6. Laminating - Bonding a foam or sheet of plastic to a cloth.
7. Mercerizing - Finishing cotton with alkali for luster, etc
8. PH - A Measure for acidity and alkalinity. Where 1-6 is acidic, 7 is neutral and 8-14 is alkaline.
9. Reed marks - Crack(s) between warp ends.
10. Scouring - Cleaning of grey yarn or grey fabric before bleaching.
11. Stripping - Removing color from dyed material.
12. Stentering - Widthwise stretching finish.
13. Float - A Pattern thread traversed over more than one thread and not tied to the intermediate threads.
14. Yarn Defects -
a) Prominently noticeable slub
b) Prominently noticeable colored flecks
c) Low twist, Doubled Yarn
15. Weaving Defects
a) Adjacent missing ends or ends missing at a place across the width. (Warp Way)
b) Prominently noticeable colored (other than chalk marks) or oily or soiled ends
c) Float
d) Crack – two or more full picks missing (Weft Way)
e) Prominently noticeable weft bar or wrong weft due to the difference in count, twist, color, shade
f) Oily weft comprising of more than one pick stained with oil either fully or partially.
g) Prominently noticeable broken ends, woven in bunch
17. Bleaching / Dyeing
a) Spot defects via dye – stuff stain, dark patch, white spot, bleaching spot etc., Defects,
b) Patchy, streaky uneven dyeing, dye bar, uneven bleaching, etc.
18. Printing Defects :
a) Dyestuff stain
b) Mis-print
c) Absence of print
d) Defect caused by hanging threads etc
e) Incomplete repeat of the design
f) Broken design or incomplete color scheme in the designs
g) Over-lapping of the designs
h) Color blotches due to bad starching
i) Dark patches
j) Material wrinkled when passing through the printing machine
19. Bad Selvedge:
a) Distorted Selvedge - Not straight as a result of variations in the cloth width
b) Uneven Selvedge - Varies in width due to variation in weft tension
20. Slubs: Short abnormally thick places of varying length in a yarn (due to spinning imperfection)
21. Temple Marks: Clearly noticeable holes, impressions, or marks adjacent to the selvedge of the fabrics.
22. Broken Picks: The pick is missing from the fabrics which may extend a few inches long.
23. Mis Picks: Filling yarn in the wrong shed of the warp. It is usually caused when the yarn breaks and the weaver re-starts the loom without matching the weft.
24. Thick Place: A pick bar having more picks than the normal.
25. Thin Places: A pick bar having less picks then the normal.
26. Wavy Cloth: Wavy appearance due to alternate thick and thin places.
27. Loose Ends: Long ends loose on the face of the fabric caused by long and short ends
of warp.
28. Broken Ends: One or more ends not weaving in the cloth.
29. Warp Streaks: An elongated faulty area of fabric running parallel to the warp threads and containing warp yarn which differs in material, count, twist, tension, color or shade from the adjacent normal warp.
30. Un even dyeing:
a) A definite variation in shade throughout the piece at regular or irregular intervals caused
b) Difference in count
c) Difference in twist and
d) Uneven absorption or penetration of dye
31. Crease: Permanent Fold mark in the fabric
32. Uneven shrinkage: A definite wavy warp wise condition in the fabric, preventing it from lying flat on a table.
33. Bad odor: Objectionable odor caused by the use of some finishing agent of an oily nature. |
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